Key differences between conventional (left) and selective immune-mediated (right) conditioning for HSCT. Conventional HSCT conditioning regimens target most hematopoietic cells, including healthy and malignant HS(P)C, and generate nonhematopoietic environmental damage, leading to temporary pancytopenia and nonhematopoietic toxicity. Selective conditioning specifically eliminates HS(P)C (and their diseased counterparts) and subsequent HSCT leads to seamless blood production without nonhematopoietic damage. PCs, progenitor cells; MCs, mature cells.