Combination of DARA and chemotherapy in vivo. (A) Eight randomly selected T-ALL PDX samples were injected into NSG mice via intrafemoral transpantation. Mice were left untreated (control) or treated with daratumumab (DARA), acute lymphoblastic leukemia-induction-like chemotherapy (chemo), or the combination (chemo+DARA). Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank statistics. P < .05 was considered statistically significant. (B) Minimal residual disease measured by PCR for patient-specific immunoglobulin/T-cell receptor rearrangements in bone marrow samples isolated from mice treated with DARA or chemo+DARA. *Low positive, not quantifiable. n. d., not determined. (C) CD38 MFI values as measured by flow cytometry. Expression levels were normalized to the RPMI8226 cell line. The dotted line shows the 25th percentile. Mice carrying patient samples 1 to 5 showed improved survival with DARA monotherapy (red bars), and mice with patient samples 6 to 8 did not (blue bars).