JQ1 induces HDAC6 expression in MM cells. (A) JQ1 treatment upregulates HDAC6 expression. LP-1 and OPM-2 MM cells were treated with 500 nM JQ1 for 24 hours. Gene expression changes were determined using Affymetrix expression arrays. Protein ubiquitination-related genes with significant induction/repression are illustrated in the heat map. (B) qRT-CR analysis of HDAC6 levels. Four MM cell lines were treated with 500 nM JQ1 for 24 hours, and HDAC6 expression was measured by qRT-PCR. Data are shown as mean ± SD; n = 3. (C) JQ1 increases HDAC6 protein expression. LP-1 and OPM-2 MM cells were treated with the 500 nM JQ1 for 24 hours. HDAC6 protein expression was determined by immunoblotting. (D) qRT-PCR analysis of HDAC6 levels in CD138⁺ cells collected from MM patients. CD138⁺ MM cells were treated with 500 nM JQ1 for 24 hours, and HDAC6 expression was measured by qRT-PCR. Data are shown as mean ± SD; n = 5. *Indicates a significant difference from controls. P < .05.