Impact on RFS and OS of FLT3-ITD AR and allo-HSCT. (A) Comparison of RFS (left) and OS (right) with and without allo-HSCT. The group in which transplant was carried out had significantly better OS than the nontransplant group. Additionally, although the difference was not significant, RFS showed a superior tendency in the transplant group compared with the nontransplant group (RFS at 3 years: allo-HSCT [+] 47.4% vs allo-HSCT [−] 9.9%, P = .165; OS at 3 years: allo-HSCT [+] 46.1% vs allo-HSCT [−] 10.1%, P < .001). (B) RFS (left) and OS (right) with and without allo-HSCT and stratified for AR. When analysis was restricted to FLT3-ITD low-AR cases, RFS and OS were again found to be significantly more favorable in the allo-HSCT (+) group than the allo-HSCT (−) group (RFS at 2 years: allo-HSCT [+] group 72.6% vs allo-HSCT [−] group 0.0%, P = .012; OS at 2 years: allo-HSCT [+] group 76.5% vs allo-HSCT [−] group 17.4%, P < .001). Among FLT3-ITD high-AR cases, the transplant group had significantly better OS than the nontransplant group. Additionally, although the difference was not significant, RFS showed a superior tendency in the transplant group compared with the nontransplant group (RFS at 5 years: allo-HSCT [+] group 32.4% vs allo-HSCT [−] group 12.7%, P = .784; OS at 2 years: allo-HSCT [+] group 33.7% vs allo-HSCT [−] group 6.4%, P = .002).