Figure 1.
Development of aortic stenosis in LDLR mice. (A) Stenosis parameters (fractional valve opening, WSS, and AV peak velocity) in LDLR mice on HFD (n = 10-48) and WT mice on HFD (n = 5-13) at 0, 3, and 6 months after initiation of HFD, as measured by echocardiography. (B, top) Ultrasound images of AV from LDLR mice at indicated time on HFD. (B, bottom) Ultrasound B-mode images with color Doppler of blood flow through aortic valves in LDLR mice at indicated timepoints. Yellow lines outline the aortic valves and blue lines indicate cusp separation at systole. Black line represents the Doppler line in the color Doppler images. (C) Fractional valve opening (right y-axis) and wall shear stress (left y-axis) in LDLR mice fed HFD at indicated timepoints (n = 7-31). Two-tailed unpaired Student t test with Welch’s correction was used to compare 2 groups with different sample sizes. Data represented as mean ± SEM throughout.