Dual treatment of RV + BTZ upregulates TME-associated M2 type macrophages in mouse BM. (A) Images depicting IHC staining for IL-10 in mouse BM. Note the low IL-10 expression in the mice treated with VC or LV alone compared with the strong expression of this cytokine in the BM after treatment with LV and BTZ (magnification ×200 = ×10 and ×20; camera: Ventana Vias Zeiss Axio; acquisition software: Nuance; composite figure via Adobe Photoshop CS4). (B) Bar plots representing quantified BM F4/80⁺/CD31⁺ macrophages (left) and IL-10–secreting M2 macrophages (right). N = 3; ***P < .001, **P < .01, *P < .05, Conover’s test. (C) Images depicting CD11b⁺Gr1⁺ (classic markers of MDSC) staining in mouse spleen TME (magnification ×200 = ×10 and ×20). At early stages (day 4) posttreatment, there is no difference in CD11b⁺Gr1⁺ MDSCs between vehicle control and the treated samples.