Design of the Northern Italy Leukemia Group AML trial 02/06. ICE was compared with sHD induction chemotherapy. After a common 2-step CR induction and early consolidation phase, patients received 1 of 2 types of final consolidation, depending on risk. Patients at HR received allogeneic HSCT. Patients at SR, 65 years of age or younger, and mobilizing blood stem cells underwent a second randomization to either standard BU-CY-conditioned autologous HSCT or up to 3 repetitive blood stem cell-supported HD courses, denoted “A20” after the cumulative cytarabine (arabinosylcytosine, A) dose of 20 g/m². SR patients unable to proceed to HD consolidation could receive allogeneic HSCT, and HR patients unable to receive HSCT could undergo HD consolidation. Patients older than 65 years and/or not mobilizing blood stem cells underwent 1 to 2 additional age-adapted ID consolidation courses, denoted “A15,” “A10,” or “A8” after the cumulative cytarabine dose (dashed line).