Figure 7.
Diagnostic work-up for clonal identification in MGRS. *Imaging could help identify lymphadenopathy in low-grade, low-stage lymphoma.9 **Imaging could be performed to identify plasmacytoma, bone lesions in a suspected case of MM, and when bone marrow aspiration (BMA) and biopsy fails to detect the plasma cell clone.9 Note: despite a similar work-up, a distinction between B-cell and LPL clone is helpful, both for a precise diagnosis, and for wider therapeutic options available for LPL (both rituximab- and bortezomib-based therapies). MYD88 mutation is positive in about 90% cases of LPL/WM.9 A positive result would therefore be supportive, but an absence would not rule out the diagnosis. Considering a low proliferative rate of low-grade B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, and LPL, positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) may have a lower degree of sensitivity compared to high-grade NHL. However, PET-CT could be useful in such cases given the avoidance of iodinated contrast, and a potential for directed biopsy from an area of increased metabolic uptake to enhance the diagnostic yield.3 FCM, flow cytometry; FDG-avid LN, fluorodeoxyglucose avid lymph nodes; FISH, fluorescent in situ hybridization; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; WBCT, whole-body computed tomography.