![Richardson Figure 10. (in Harousseau et al). Interaction of multiple myeloma (MM) cells and their bone marrow (BM) milieu. Binding of MM cells to BM stem cells (BMSCs) triggers adhesion- and cytokine-mediated MM cell growth, survival, drug resistance, and migration. / MM cell binding to BM stromal cells induces activation of p42/44 MAPK and NF-κB in BM stromal cells. Activation of NF-κB upregulates adhesion molecules on both MM cells and BM stromal cells. Cytokines secreted from MM cells induce interleukin (IL)-6 secretion (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNFα], vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) and NF-κB activation (TNFα). Cytokines secreted from BM stromal cells activate major signaling pathways (p42/44 MAPK, JAK/STAT3, and/or PI3-K/Akt) and their downstream targets.](https://ash.silverchair-cdn.com/ash/content_public/journal/hematology/2004/1/10.1182_asheducation-2004.1.503/4/harousseau_fig10color.jpeg?Expires=1735494768&Signature=zFGpl1nD0NTJX5xEQZKlZNx16n4y0EfRG7wu~dg9s0QQOy85s-lRmnzugbHHC~osMyyLjkArC7eWGv-RUc3WEn7qPe36wfdzY~ssmd5r4N5W3BN4PBBKO0FORjLi27d0A6eQgXSkpeITFLgOkdnkaADF~gFgZXFe3Hk6iVqouN1SnvpTyLQrr3-nCWtlOF7ygNaY7aSFWcrcz9HKLjF1Cvf934v9axRNQMBNDxLqepyRS47MZzel78fx9yG8yRHuztibR933oVB0LUzUgnurfYUU-GX2DpcjLGRwwGb7xjHJprdBKlpg6Ot3Xp0i2UOOFZFkTXMPk1DdYileLKPyYQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
(in Harousseau et al). Interaction of multiple myeloma (MM) cells and their bone marrow (BM) milieu. Binding of MM cells to BM stem cells (BMSCs) triggers adhesion- and cytokine-mediated MM cell growth, survival, drug resistance, and migration.
MM cell binding to BM stromal cells induces activation of p42/44 MAPK and NF-κB in BM stromal cells. Activation of NF-κB upregulates adhesion molecules on both MM cells and BM stromal cells. Cytokines secreted from MM cells induce interleukin (IL)-6 secretion (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNFα], vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) and NF-κB activation (TNFα). Cytokines secreted from BM stromal cells activate major signaling pathways (p42/44 MAPK, JAK/STAT3, and/or PI3-K/Akt) and their downstream targets.
