Proinflammatory cytokine gene expression profile of SARS-CoV–infected human immature DCs by quantitative RT-PCR. Proinflammatory cytokine mRNA concentrations in adult (A) and CB (B) immature cells were assayed at 3 hours and 9 hours after infection with SARS-CoV (MOI = 1). Mock-infected cells were included as negative control. The concentrations were normalized to those of β-actin mRNA in the corresponding sample. There were moderate up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-6 expression in SARS-CoV–infected DCs. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (adult n = 7; CB n = 5; ^*P < .05).