Neuroinflammatory responses in control and 1-MT-treated hu-PBL-NOD/SCID HIVE mice. Relationship between human macrophages (CD68), HIV p24 human lymphocytes (CD8), mouse microglial (Iba1), and human IDO (hu-IDO) expression are shown in weeks 2 and 3 after intracerebral injection of HIV-1-infected MDMs. Equal number of CD68⁺ and HIV-1 p24⁺ MDMs were found in the brains of control and 1-MT mice at week 2 (A,F, and B,G). Higher numbers of CD8⁺ lymphocytes were found in 1-MT versus control animals at this time point (H,C). Prominent decrease of MDMs (K and P) and especially HIV-1 p24⁺ MDMs (Q) were detected in 1-MT as compared with control mice at week 3 (L). Microglial reaction (detected by Iba1 staining) was not different between 2 groups at week 2 (D,I) or week 3 (N,S). Primary Abs were detected by Vectastain Elite Kit with DAB as a substrate. Original magnification of panels K-T: × 200.