Indirectly activated MoDCs release IL-10 but not IL-12p70. MoDCs were treated for 24 hours as follows: (left panel) MoDCs were activated with S typhimurium (SL-WT, noninvasive SL-InvA, nonflagellated SL-FliC), or L plantarum (LP). (Middle) Direct system (situation a), MoDCs were seeded facing the basolateral membrane of EC monolayer. Bacteria were incubated from the apical face. (Right) Indirect system (situation b), MoDCs were incubated with supernatants (sn) of ECs incubated or not with bacteria from the apical face. Cytokine release was measured in culture supernatants by ELISA. The difference of IL-12 production between directly and indirectly activated MoDCs is highly significant (^*P < .01). Data are shown as means ± SD.