Effect of HAART on DR5 mRNA expression in T cells. Eight HIV-1–infected patients started HAART therapy and were followed up for 40 weeks. Samples were collected at weeks 0, 8, 20, and 40. (A) Viral load, CD4 count, and DR5/CD4 mRNA data for weeks 0 and 40 of therapy for 7 HAART responder patients (3 left panels) and 1 HAART nonresponder (3 right panels) patients. (B) Data for weeks 0, 8, 20, and 40 are shown for viral load and plasma TRAIL (top panels) and for CD4 count and DR5/CD4 mRNA ratio (bottom panels) for a representative example (patient 1) of 5 HAART responder patients, the 2 exceptions shown in Figure 4A (second panel) (patients 2 and 3), and the HAART nonresponder (patient 4). Plasma TRAIL levels of patients 1 and 4 were shown in our earlier study.²⁴  Plasma TRAIL levels of patients 2 and 3 are new data.