Globin chain synthesis in a representative patient with β⁺ thalassemia (patient no. 5) who received butyrate therapy. (A) Baseline profile (pretreatment); (B) with butyrate (moderate dose, 1,200 mg/kg/d) therapy. The elution positions of the , β, γ, and acetylated γ (^ACγ) are indicated. Non-: globin chain balance improved by approximately twofold with butyrate therapy due to an increase in acetylated γ-globin and γ-globin synthesis and despite a relative decrease in β-globin synthesis.