VEGF does not upregulate adhesion molecule expression on the surface of endothelial cells. Cell ELISA was performed with anti–VCAM-1, anti–E-selectin, and anti–ICAM-1 antibodies. HUVEC were treated by TNF- (100 U/mL) or VEGF (1.25 nmol/L) for 1, 3, and 6 hours. Each value is the mean ± SD of triplicate in one experiment representative of three performed with similar results.