Lack of short-term effects of (A) TGF-β₁, (B) MCP-1, or (C) MIP-1 on the number of different types of human cells present in NOD/SCID mice. Six to 8 weeks posttransplant animals were given 2 injections of 1 mg of TGF-β₁ or 2.5 to 10 mg of MCP-1 or MIP-1, 1 day apart, and sacrificed 1 day after the second injection. Results for the cytokine-treated mice are shown by the solid bars and for the controls by the open bars. Values shown represent the mean ± SEM of the number of phenotypically or functionally defined human cells present in the 2 femurs and tibiae of individual mice. Data from a total of 20 experiments (7 with human bone marrow transplants, 13 with human cord blood transplants, 1 to 7 mice per group per experiment) have been pooled. No significant effects of the injected cytokines were observed in any group (P > .05).