Effect of HGF together with TGF-β1 (A), IL-1 (B), and TNF- (C). Saos-2 cells were stimulated with HGF (0 to 80 ng/mL) alone (•) or with HGF and TGF-β1 (▵; 10 pg/mL, ☞; 100 pg/mL, ▴; 1,000 pg/mL), IL-1 (□; 10 pg/mL, ➢; 100 pg/mL, ▪; 1,000 pg/mL), and TNF- (◐; 1 ng/mL, ✺; 10 ng/mL). Supernatants were harvested after 48 hours. IL-11 was measured in duplicates by ELISA. The data are expressed as means of duplicates ± SD from 1 representative experiment out of 3.