Soluble VCAM-1 amounts released from ECs after exposure to different perfusing conditions.

The time course is depicted for the release of soluble VCAM-1 in HUVECs after exposure to (A) sickle cell perfusion (Sickle) and normal RBC perfusion (Normal) and (B) sickle cell perfusion with cytokine (Sickle + IL-1β) and normal RBC perfusion with cytokine (Normal + IL-1β). Data are shown as the mean plus or minus SEM, with n = 6. ^*Indicates significantly different from values in the matched normal RBC perfusion at the same time points (P < .05); ^#indicates significantly different from values in the matched normal RBC perfusion with IL-1β at the same time points (P < .05); and ^§indicates significantly different from values in the matched sickle RBC perfusion without IL-1β at the same time points (P < .05).