Effect of antioxidant treatments on oxidized LDL induction of surface tissue factor pathway activity.

Oxidized LDL or native LDL (200 μg protein/mL), α-thrombin (50 nmol/L), or FBS (10%) was added to rat aortic smooth muscle cells for 4 hours before tissue factor assessment. (A) Cells were pretreated with DPPD (1 μmol/L), ebselen (Ebs, 10 μmol/L), Tiron (10 mmol/L), or desferoximine (Des, 3 mmol/L). (B) Cells were pretreated with ethanol alone (0.5%, ■) or vitamin E (25 μmol/L, ▧). All antioxidant treatments were overnight before and during the addition of the agonists. NT indicates no treatment (solvent control). All cells received 0.5% ethanol at the time of treatment with antioxidants to control for those antioxidants that required ethanol as a carrier. Data represent means ± SD of 4 wells per treatment.