Effect of GRGDS peptide or blocking antibody against α_v integrin on cell-to-cell fusion.

Large numbers of c-Fms⁺RANK⁻ cells (10⁴ cells per well) were cultured in the presence of M-CSF and sRANKL with 0.5 mg/mL GRGDS or GRGES peptide, and TRAP staining was performed on day 4. (A) The numbers of multinuclear TRAP⁺cells and nuclei in multinuclear cells were determined. ▪, multinuclear TRAP-positive cells; ░, average number of nuclei. (B) Distribution of the number of nuclei in multinuclear TRAP⁺cells. Note that the number of giant cells containing more than 100 nuclei was significantly reduced in the presence of the GRGDS peptide compared with the control.