Calcineurin mediates Ca⁺⁺-dependent KSHV reactivation in DMVEC.

Immortalized DMVEC monolayers were infected with KSHV, as described previously.23 Three days after incubation with ionomycin, low-dose TPA, or both, monolayers were fixed, permeabilized, and blocked with 20% normal goat serum. Then monolayers were stained with anti–PF-8 mAb followed by FITC-conjugated goat antimouse secondary mAbs. Representative fields were photographed on a Nikon fluorescence microscope (magnification, 10×). Unstimulated cells (A), 1 μg/mL ionomycin (B), 3 nM TPA (C), TPA + ionomycin (D), TPA + 0.5 μM CsA (E), TPA + ionomycin + CsA (F).