CA-4-P stimulates early membrane blebbing in confluent endothelial cells by Rho/Rho-kinase.

Confluent endothelial cultures were pretreated with either vehicle control (A-D) or C3 exoenzyme (24 hours, 10 μg/mL; E,F) or Y-27632 (30 minutes, 10 μM; G,H) and then were exposed to 1 μM CA-4-P for either 15 minutes (B) or 45 minutes (C,D,F,H). Actin was stained with Texas Red–conjugated phalloidin as described in “Materials and methods,” and cells were examined by fluorescence microscopy. Bars for panels A-C and panels E-H = 40 μm. Panel D represents a higher magnification of a characteristic blebbing cell. Bar for panel D = 15 μm.