M-CSF affects the differentiation of hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells in AGM culture.

M-CSF stimulates the differentiation of macrophages. VEGF regulates hematopoiesis negatively by enhancing the differentiation of endothelial cells from hemangioblasts in AGM culture. M-CSF induces the expression of hematopoietic cytokines from macrophages and other types of cells and also induces the expression of Flk-1 in hemangioblasts. Inop/op AGM culture, a lack of M-CSF leads to the reduction of the response of hemangioblasts to VEGF by decreasing the expression of Flk-1. Immature hematopoietic cells accumulate in op/opAGM culture.