Estimated thrombin generation rate in 9 subjects during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery using both F1.2 and thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) levels. The left column of graphs shows the measured levels (•, F1.2; ▴, TAT) and circulatory model predicted levels (solid line, F1.2; dotted line, TAT) of each activation marker. Note variable scale of the y axis. The right column of graphs shows the resulting predicted thrombin generation rate from the circulatory model using both markers simultaneously. The y-axis is the same for all subjects showing noticeable variations in response to CPB among the 9 subjects. The solid black box at the top of each graph indicates the period of cardiopulmonary bypass.