Figure 6.
S1P enhances IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion by T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28. T cells (1 × 106/mL) were stimulated with 1 μg/mL anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 for 24 hours in the absence or presence of 1 or 10 μM S1P, DHS1P, ceramide (CER), or sphingosine (SPH). Supernatants were collected from these cultures. IL-2 and IFN-γ levels were measured by Quantikine ELISA. Error bars indicate means ± SD.
