Oxidative susceptibility of HbLDL/LDL mixtures. (A) Copper-mediated oxidation kinetics of nLDL, HbLDL, or a combination of nLDL and 20% HbLDL. CuSO₄ (10 μM) was added to LDL samples (0.25 mg protein/mL) and conjugated dienes were monitored at 234 nm for the indicated intervals. Inset shows LDL oxidation kinetics using 0.5 μM copper (low Cu²⁺, as described in Ziouzenkova et al²⁵ ). (B) Agarose gel electrophoresis of HbLDL/LDL mixtures. HbLDL was mixed with nLDL in 1:2 and 1:1 ratios and incubated at 37°C for 20 hours. For control experiments nLDL and HbLDL alone were incubated in parallel with the mixtures. After incubation, REM was determined using LIPO Gel Kit. Lower bands represent nLDL (thin arrows) and upper bands represent HbLDL (block arrows).