LPS-induced IκBα mRNA expression in the presence of NBD or control peptide. For quantification of the amount of RNA present in the various samples, the fluorescence signal was measured at each PCR cycle and the increase in the fluorescence normalized reporter signal (RN) documented in an amplification plot. The increase in the fluorescence normalized reporter signal is depicted on the y-axis (ΔRN). TAT-NBD (100 μM) but not the control (CTRL) peptide inhibited LPS-induced (1 μg/mL) up-regulation of IκBα. A typical study of 3 independent experiments is given.