Restoration of the JNK–Egr-1 pathway in FA-A cell lines corrected with FANCA cDNA. (A) FANCA-corrected (cFA-A) and uncorrected FA-A cells (transduced with an empty control vector) were exposed to UV radiation, and then total RNA was extracted and analyzed for the expression of Egr-1 mRNA by real-time PCR. Histograms represent the means ± SD of triplicate analyses. (B) The levels of p53, Bax, and MDM2 were also analyzed by semiquantitative RT-PCR. GAPDH mRNA was used as an amplification control. (C) After exposure of cells to UV, lysates were immunoprecipitated with anti-JNK and subjected to immune complex kinase assay with GST-ATF2 as substrate (top panel). The lysates were also analyzed by Western blot with anti-JNK (bottom panel). c indicates control lymphoblast cells.