Inhibition of PDGF and MCP-1 induction by TFPI in VSMCs. PDGF (panel A, 16-hour time point) and MCP-1 (C-E, in time course) were determined by immunoassay after stimulation of either untransfected (VSMC), control virus (Ad5lacZ)–transfected, or Ad5TFPI-transfected VSMCs with factor Xa, factor VIIa, or TRAP. Serum-free media (SFM) served as control. MCP-1 mRNA was determined by real-time PCR after 16-hour stimulation (B). Data are mean ± SD of at least 4 experiments. #P < .05, *P < .01, **P < .001.