DRM association is necessary but not sufficient to target host proteins to the malarial vacuolar membrane. Normal human erythrocytes were infected with asexual stage P falciparum. Infected cultures were sampled and prepared for indirect immunofluorescence assays. Cells were adhered to 0.1% poly-l-lysine–coated glass coverslips, fixed, washed, and permeabilized before treatments with appropriate primary and fluorescein- or rhodamine-conjugated secondary antibodies. Hoechst stain was used to visualize parasite nuclei. Fluorescence microscopy images were obtained using DeltaVision deconvolution microscopy (Applied Precision, Seattle, WA) as previously described.¹  Images are single optical sections of cells infected with ring-stage parasites. Scale bars present size (in μm). All images were obtained with a 100 × objective.