CD8⁺ cell noncytotoxic antiviral response after stimulation of CD8⁺ cells by different approaches. CD8⁺ cells from HIV-infected subjects were treated with 10 U/mL recombinant human IL-2 (control) (▪), polyclonally stimulated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies (▴), or cocultured with allogeneic CD40L-matured monocyte-derived DCs (•) (1:5 DC/CD8⁺ cell ratio) for 6 days. The CD8⁺ cells were then removed and cocultured with HIV-1-infected CD4⁺ cells, at a ratio of 1:1 CD8⁺/CD4⁺ cells.⁵  Culture supernatants were assayed for reverse-transcriptase (RT) activity on days 5 and 7.²⁴  The extent (percent) of CNAR was determined by comparing the average percentage of RT activity in supernatants from duplicate cocultures with the average RT activity in fluids from HIV-infected CD4⁺ cells cultured alone. Bars indicate average suppression resulting from each treatment.