Role of IL-15 in mDC enhancement of CNAR. CD8⁺ cells from HIV-infected subjects were either untreated or treated (10 U/mL recombinant human IL-2), as indicated for 6 days. The mature allogeneic DCs (mDC) were cocultured with CD8⁺ cells at a ratio of 1:5. The CD8⁺ cells were then removed and cocultured with HIV-1-infected heterologous CD4⁺ cells, at a CD8⁺/CD4⁺ cell ratio of 0.5:1 (▦) or 2:1 (▪) in the presence or absence of antibodies to IL-15 or IL-12. Supernatants from duplicate cultures were assayed for RT activity. The extent of CNAR was determined by comparing these average RT results with the average RT activity in supernatants of duplicate cultures of HIV-infected CD4⁺ cells cultured alone. Error bars indicate SD from the average suppression resulting from each treatment. Results are representative of 7 separate experiments.