Thymosin α 1 accelerates functional Th1 cell recovery in BM-transplanted mice with IA. Mice that received BM transplants were infected and treated as described in the legend to Figure 5. (A) The numbers refer to the percentage of positive cells in the lungs on FACS analysis. (B) Lung CD4⁺ T lymphocytes were CFSE-stained (M1) and stimulated with Con A(M4) or heat-inactivated Aspergillus (M5) in the presence of lung DCs for 5 days before FACS analysis. M2 and M3, CD4⁺ T cells without and with DCs alone, respectively. Shown are the results from 1 representative experiment of 3. The numbers refer to the median fluorescence intensity, MFI. (C) Lung CD4⁺ T cells producing cytokines were enumerated by ELISPOT assays. ^*P < .05, thymosin-treated versus untreated (none) mice. (A-C) The assays were done 4 days after the last conidia inoculation. Bars indicate the standard errors. (D) Bronchoalveolar macrophages and peripheral neutrophils from uninfected mice were pre-exposed to thymosin α 1 and then to conidia before the assessment of the phagocytic and conidiocidal activity. Values are the mean ± SE of samples taken from 3 to 5 experiments. ^*P < .05, thymosin-exposed versus unexposed (None) cells.