TRAF6 inhibits endothelial apoptosis independently of NF-κB activation. Double-transduced endothelial cells (as labeled) were treated with LPS and CHX (50 μg/mL; A) or TNF (without CHX; B) for 16 hours. Cell survival was measured by neutral red incorporation and normalized to cells treated with CHX alone (A) or to vehicle-treated cells (B). Data shown are the mean plus or minus SEM of 6 independent experiments, each done in triplicate. ^*P < .05.