Cyclin D expression in normal and malignant plasma cells. The raw scores for each of the 3 D-cyclins (D1, green bars; D2, red bars; D3, blue bars) from the Affymetrix HuFL dataset published by Tarte et al²⁸  and Zhan et al²⁹  are plotted one above the other. The samples are divided into 9 groups, and arranged by the level of expression of the predominant cyclin D within each group. The samples are CD138⁺ selected cells from 6 peripheral blood generated plasmablasts and 1 reactive plasmacytosis (PPC), 31 bone marrow PCs (BMPC) from healthy volunteers, and 78 samples from patients with newly diagnosed MM and 3 with plasma cell leukemia. Among these there are 2 with high CCND3 (6p21) and 15 with high CCND1 (11q13) (TC1); 25 with lower levels of CCND1 without t(11;14) (TC2); 4 with lower levels of D1 and elevated CCND2 (D1 + D2), 17 remaining patients with elevated CCND2 (other), and 2 patients without an elevated cyclin D (TC3); 9 with elevated FGFR3 (4p16) (TC4); and 7 with elevated CX3CR1 and β7 integrin, a marker of maf dysregulation (maf, 16q23 and 20q11) (TC5).