The time to a CD4⁺T-cell count less than 350 cells/mm3is shown for 68 recently HIV-infected adults who did not receive antiretroviral therapy immediately after study entry. The cohort was stratified into quartiles based on the level of viremia, CD4⁺ T-cell activation, and CD8⁺ T-cell activation at baseline. Individuals with higher baseline quartiles of CD8⁺ T-cell activation (P = .002 by the log-rank test) and viremia (P = .004) but not CD4⁺ T-cell activation (P = .21) were more likely to experience subsequent CD4⁺ T-cell decline.