NmU expression is decreased in tamoxifen-treated K562-MERT cells and is elevated in primary AML cells. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to quantitate the expression of NmU in K562-MERT (A) and K562 (B) cells and quantitate GAPDH expression in K562-MERT cells (C) that were untreated (□) and treated with tamoxifen (▪) for 72 hours. The levels of c-myb (D) and NmU (E) expressed in controls (n = 6) and patients with ALL (n = 7) and AML (n = 7) were also determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Total RNA was extracted from each sample, reverse transcribed, and amplified using gene specific primers and TaqMan probes as detailed in “Materials and methods.” Real-time PCR was performed in triplicate for each cell line and subject, and the expression of each gene was normalized to 18S RNA. The results are presented as the mean ratio of the number of NmU (A-B,E), GAPDH (C), and c-myb (D) copies to the number of 18S copies/μg RNA. Error bars indicate standard deviation (n = 3).