PILSAP is required for DNA synthesis and G1/S transition upon VEGF stimulation. (A) Serum-starved MSS31 cells were unstimulated (□) or were stimulated with VEGF (▪) (50 ng/mL) for 12 hours. Thereafter, BrdU incorporation was analyzed. (Left) N indicates no ODN; S, PILSAP S-ODN; and AS, PILSAP AS-ODN. (Right) N indicates no LT; LT(1), LT 1 nM; and LT(10), LT 10 nM. (B) Serum-starved MSS31 cells were stimulated with VEGF (50 ng/mL) for 18 hours. Thereafter, cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Data indicates the percentage of cells in the S phase. (Left) N indicates no ODN; S, PILSAP S-ODN; and AS, PILSAP AS-ODN. (Right) N indicates no LT; LT(1), LT 1 nM; and LT(10), LT 10 nM. Error bars indicate SDs. (n = 4; *P < .01; **P < .005).