Mean T scores over time for Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT; verbal fluency) and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R; verbal memory) with standard errors. For T scores, the population norm is set at 50, with SD of 10, and adjusted for the age, sex, and education of the patient. Asterisks denote statistical difference from the norm (^*P < .05 and ^**P < .01).