Comparative microarray analysis of gene expression induced by CD43 or T-cell costimulation. Human peripheral T cells were either left untreated or stimulated for 4 hours with αCD43 or αCD3/CD28 antibodies. Gene expression of 110 inflammatory genes was analyzed by DNA microarrays. (A) The average induction factor obtained from 2 independent experiments is shown for the indicated genes. According to the relative potency of T-cell costimulation compared with CD43 ligation to induce gene expression, the genes are placed into 3 groups.^1-3  Only genes that were regulated more than 1.4-fold are displayed; this threshold is also indicated by the dashed line. Group 1 or group 3 genes are induced by 1 stimulus 2-fold or more in comparison to the other stimulus. (B) mRNA expression of the group 1 gene IFNγ and the group 3 gene IL-8 was determined by real-time PCR and normalized for the expression of β-actin. Data are expressed as -fold change relative to the unstimulated control. Bars represent means ± SD from triplicate determinations. (C) Complete set of results obtained from the 2 donors. Gene names and accession numbers are taken from the RefSeq database, numerical values of induction factors are given. The numbers in the right column refer to the groups of genes as defined in panel A.