Effects of RASFs on DC-derived and monocyte-derived osteoclast formation. (A-B) Counts of TRAP⁺ MGCs derived from DCs cultured with increasing amounts of RASF alone (A) or in combination with M-CSF and RANKL (B) and their associated dentine resorptions. Mean ± SD from 3 experiments. Percentages of total dentine slice surface resorbed are indicated on each picture. (C) Quantification of CTX release (dentine resorption) in culture supernatants of DC-derived (▪) and monocyte-derived (▦) OCs after 20 days of culture in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL, in combination with increasing amounts of RASF or with OASF control. Means ± SD of 2 triplicate experiments. (D) Quantification of CTX release in culture supernatants of DC-derived OCs after 20 days of culture in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL either alone, with a combination of 20% RASF with or without TNFR-Fc (2 μg/mL) or IL-1RA (2 μg/mL) or both, or with hyaluronidase (10 U/mL and 50 U/mL). Results are means ± SD from triplicate experiments and are expressed as resorption index normalized on M-CSF plus RANKL-induced resorption.