IL-2 production by human MoDCs derived with GM-CSF + IL-15, GM-CSF + IL-13, or GM-CSF + IL-4 after stimulation. (A) Expression of maturation markers (CD80, CD86, and CD83) by MoDCs after stimulation with LPS + CD40L. Unstimulated DCs (solid lines) or DCs stimulated for 24 hours with LPS + CD40L (dotted lines). (B) IL-2 production by MoDCs derived with GM-CSF + IL-15, GM-CSF + IL-13, or GM-CSF + IL-4. Double stainings with anti-CD11c and anti-IL-2 or isotype control antibodies were performed 6 hours after LPS, CD40L, or LPS + CD40L treatment in the presence of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. This experiment represents 1 of 4 independent experiments with comparable results. (C) Comparison of CD40 and Langerin expression on MoDCs. MoDCs + IL-4 (dotted lines), MoDCs + IL-15 (thin lines), and MoDCs + IL-13 (thick lines). (D) IL-12p70 production by MoDCs was measured in the supernatant after 24 hours of stimulation with LPS or CD40L with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The range of the standard is 3 pg/mL to 200 pg/mL. (E) IL-2 production of MoDCs + IL-15 activated by activated CD4⁺ T cells. Double stainings with anti-CD11c and anti-IL-2 or isotype control antibodies were performed 6 hours after CD4⁺ T-cell activation. Panels A and B are representative of 1 of 4 experiments each. Panels C, D, and E are representative of 1 of 2 experiments each.