Response of NOD-SCID expanded primary ALL to CpG stimulation. (A) Patient ALL samples A199 and A286 were stimulated with a panel of CpG ODNs for 48 hours and then analyzed by flow cytometry for changes in CD40 expression. The results are expressed as the change in percentage of CD40⁺ cells following stimulation with the indicated CpG ODNs. The results shown are the mean ± standard deviation for 3 independent experiments. (B) The ALL samples (A199, left; A286, right) were either untreated (▦) or stimulated with CpG 2006 (▪) for 48 hours and the culture supernatant was analyzed for cytokine content by CBA. The results shown are the means ± standard deviation for 3 independent experiments. ^* indicates P < .05; ^** indicates P < .005.