Levels of IL-4 mRNA in SHIV_KU-2–infected CD4⁺ T cells treated with rmIL-4 or AS IL-4 as seen by RT-PCR and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Following 24 hours of treatment, cellular RNA was extracted by Trizol, DNAse treated, and assessed for IL-4 mRNA levels by RT-PCR (A) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (B). Panel B represents a ratio of IL-4 and GAPDH RNA transcripts. *P < .05 compared with SHIV-infected cells. (C) RT-PCR analysis of CXCR4 mRNA in SHIV_KU-2–infected MDM in the presence of rmIL-4 or AS IL-4 ODN by using macaque CXCR4 primers. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation of 3 independent experiments.