BM-MSCs produce chemokines and chemokines stimulate BM-MSC chemotaxis. (A) Chemokine/growth factor concentrations in supernatants from 2 × 105 BM-MSCs cultured in 3 mL medium for 7 days. Results are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). # indicates upper range of measurement (4 ng/mL for CXCL8, CXCL12, CCL2; 1 ng/mL for CCL5). (B) Migration of BM-MSCs to different concentrations of CX3CL1, CXCL12, CXCL16, CCL3, CCL19, and CCL21 in a chemotaxis assay. Shown are numbers of migrated cells counted in 10 high-power fields (HPFs) after subtraction of the basal migration observed in the absence of chemokine. Basal migration was 10 ± 5 cells/10 HPFs (*P < .05 versus control). Values are the mean ± SE of 8 replicates. Results are from 1 experiment of 3 performed.
