Plasma A1M is raised in association with hemolytic and AKI biomarkers in SCD patients. (A) Level of plasma A1M is elevated in patients with SCD (SS) compared with age- and ethnically matched Hb AA individuals (n = 12-15). (B) Level of plasma hemopexin (Hx) in the same cohort of plasma as in panel A. (C-F) Whole-blood samples and urine were collected at the same time from SCD patients (n = 40) at steady state. Blood samples were processed to collect serum and plasma. Plasma A1M and hemopexin, plasma Hb, serum LDH activity, urinary KIM-1, and serum NGAL were measured using specific colorimetric or ELISA kits following the manufacturer’s instructions. Association of molar concentration of A1M and hemopexin (A1M/Hx) with (C) plasma Hb, (D) serum LDH, (E) urinary KIM-1, and (F) serum NGAL in logarithmic scale.