GRP78 expression is downregulated in the HTLV-1–infected cell population. (A) GRP78 mRNA expression levels in HTLV-1–carrier PBMCs (n = 9). The gene expression ratio of the CD4⁺CADM1⁺ cell population relative to the CD4⁺CADM1⁻ cell population is shown. The bar graph is shown as a dot plot. (B) Box plots showing GRP78 mRNA expression levels in PBMCs from patients with ATL (smoldering, n = 3; chronic, n = 20; acute, n = 26) with the indicated type and control healthy individual CD4⁺ cells (n = 21). The expression levels were evaluated from a dataset deposited in the NCBI GEO Web site. NS, not significant.