The proliferation and apoptosis of Tfh cells in HCs and WAS patients or WT and WAS KO mice. (A) Flow cytometry analysis of caspase-3 or Ki-67 staining of Tfh cells in HCs and WAS patients stimulated without or with PHA. (B) The percentage of Ki-67⁺ Tfh cells in PBMCs from HCs and WAS patients stimulated with PHA. (C) The percentage of Ki-67⁺ Tfh cells in the spleen of WT and WAS KO mice stimulated with PHA. The percentage of caspase-3⁺ Tfh cells in PBMCs from HCs and WAS patients stimulated with PHA (D) or without PHA (E). The percentage of caspase-3⁺ Tfh cells in the spleen of WT and WAS KO mice stimulated with PHA (F) or without PHA (G).