Response and survival of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) receiving venetoclax in combination with hypomethylating agent therapy. (A) Best overall response rate was 59% for the entire cohort and not significantly different by HMA exposure (ORR: HMA naïve 75%, HMA ≤4 cycles 62%, and HMA failure 44%, P = .26). (B) Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve of OS for the entire cohort. The median OS was 19.5 months (95% CI, 10.0 to not estimable). (C) KM curve of OS for patients with HMA failure before starting venetoclax + HMA. The median OS was 11.4 months (95% CI, 5.7 to not estimable). (D) KM curve of relapse-free survival (RFS) for the entire cohort. The median RFS was 15.4 months (95% CI, 7.9 to not estimable). (E) Landmark analysis at 6 months after starting treatment with venetoclax and HMA demonstrating significantly longer survival (P = .009) for patients with MDS undergoing allogeneic transplant (SCT: yes) when compared with those not undergoing transplant (SCT: no). Only patients surviving at 6 months were included in the analysis.