Panfungal T cells protect from infection in NSG mice upon adoptive transfer. (A-I) Recipient mice were humanized with autologous and unrelated HLA DR–matched PBMCs 1 day before intranasal A fumigatus infection (resulting in low [A-D] or high [E-I] fungal burden) followed by the intravenous infusion of 10⁶ panfungal T cells the day after the infection. (A) Colony-forming units (log10 CFU) in lungs and brain, (B) lung histology (Periodic acid–Schiff [PAS]–stained sections; scale bars, 500 and 100 μm [upper insets]; and percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils [PMNs] in bronchoalveolar lavage [lower insets]), (C) gene expression, and (D) cytokine and chemokine production at 6 days after infection. (E) Colony-forming units (log₁₀ CFU) in lungs of mice treated with PBMCs alone, panfungal T cells alone, or combination at 6 days after infection. (F) Colony-forming units (log10 CFU) in lungs and (G) lung histology (PAS-stained sections; scale bars, 100 μm; and percentage of PMNs in bronchoalveolar lavage [upper insets)] at 6 days after infection. (H) Colony-forming units (log₁₀ CFU) in lungs, (I) lung histology (PAS-stained sections; scale bars, 200 μm [left]; and percentage of PMNs in bronchoalveolar lavage [upper insets]) and CD11c⁺ and CD11b⁺ cell infiltration, evaluated by immunofluorescence at 14 days after infection (scale bars, 100 μm). Results are the mean ± SD from 3 to 5 mice per group (*P < .05, **P < .01, T cells vs none; 2-way analysis of variance, Bonferroni post-test and Student t test). None, mice that received neither humanizing cells nor T cells.